Atamasthana and Ancient Reservoirs of Anuradhapura: A Journey Through Sri Lanka’s Buddhist Heritage

 

Atamasthana and Ancient Reservoirs of Anuradhapura: A Journey Through Sri Lanka’s Buddhist Heritage

Anuradhapura, the ancient capital of Sri Lanka, is not only a sacred city for Buddhists but also a marvel of ancient engineering. The city is home to the Atamasthana (Eight Sacred Places) and a sophisticated irrigation system with massive reservoirs (wewa). These sites reflect the spiritual and technological advancements of Sri Lanka’s early civilization.

In this article, we explore the Atamasthana and the impressive reservoirs that supported this great kingdom for over a thousand years.

The Eight Sacred Places (Atamasthana)

1. Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi

The oldest historically documented tree in the world, the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi is a sacred fig tree planted in 288 BC. It is a sapling of the Bodhi tree in India under which Lord Buddha attained enlightenment. Pilgrims visit this site to offer prayers and seek blessings.

2. Ruwanwelisaya Dagoba

Built by King Dutugemunu in the 2nd century BC, Ruwanwelisaya is one of the largest and most revered stupas in Sri Lanka. Its massive white dome stands as a symbol of Buddhist devotion and architectural brilliance.

3. Thuparamaya

Thuparamaya is Sri Lanka’s first Buddhist stupa, enshrining the Buddha’s right collarbone relic. Its unique bell-shaped structure and surrounding ruins make it an essential site for history enthusiasts.

4. Lovamahapaya (Brazen Palace)

Once a grand nine-story structure, Lovamahapaya served as a residence for monks. Though only its stone pillars remain today, it was once a major monastic complex in Anuradhapura.

5. Abhayagiri Dagoba

One of the largest Buddhist stupas in the world, Abhayagiri Dagoba was part of the Abhayagiri Monastery, which played a significant role in Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism.

6. Jetavanaramaya

Built by King Mahasena, Jetavanaramaya was once the tallest stupa in the world. This massive structure stands as a testament to the advanced engineering skills of ancient Sri Lanka.

7. Mirisawetiya Stupa

King Dutugemunu built Mirisawetiya Stupa after a miraculous event in his life. It is an essential part of the Atamasthana and a peaceful place for meditation.

8. Lankaramaya

A smaller yet historically significant stupa, Lankaramaya was built by King Valagamba and surrounded by ancient stone pillars that indicate the presence of a large monastery.




















The Ancient Reservoirs (Wewa) of Anuradhapura

Anuradhapura’s civilization flourished due to its advanced irrigation system, with giant reservoirs supplying water to the city and farmlands. Here are some of the most remarkable reservoirs:

1. Tissa Wewa

Built by King Devanampiya Tissa in the 3rd century BC, Tissa Wewa is one of the oldest reservoirs in Sri Lanka. It provided water to Anuradhapura and helped sustain agriculture in the region. Today, it is a serene location with stunning sunrise and sunset views.

2. Nuwara Wewa

Nuwara Wewa, constructed by King Valagamba, is the largest reservoir in Anuradhapura. It played a crucial role in the city’s irrigation network and continues to provide water for agriculture and daily use.

3. Basawakkulama (Abhaya Wewa)

Also known as Abhaya Wewa, this was the first major reservoir built in Sri Lanka by King Pandukabhaya in the 4th century BC. It remains a vital water source and a beautiful location to visit.

4. Kala Wewa

Although slightly outside Anuradhapura, Kala Wewa is one of the most impressive reservoirs, built by King Dhatusena. It is connected to the famous Yodha Ela canal, which still functions today.

Why Visit Anuradhapura?

  • Spiritual Significance – The Atamasthana are among the holiest sites for Buddhists.
  • Historical Marvels – The city’s monuments date back over 2,000 years, offering deep insights into Sri Lanka’s rich past.
  • Architectural Wonders – Ancient stupas and monasteries display remarkable craftsmanship.
  • Ingenious Irrigation – The massive reservoirs highlight the advanced engineering skills of ancient Sri Lanka.
  • Serene Atmosphere – Whether meditating at a stupa or watching the sunset over a wewa, Anuradhapura offers a peaceful and enriching experience.

Anuradhapura is not just a city of ruins—it is a living testament to Sri Lanka’s spiritual and technological achievements. Whether you are a pilgrim, history enthusiast, or nature lover, this sacred city has something to offer.


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